Horizontal Transfer

tree with four wide branches and metal lines tying them horizontally together

HORIZONTAL TRANSFER. Olea europaea, Olive.
600 block of Mayfield Ave.

In a phylogenetic tree, genetic material can be transferred between species by horizontal processes of exchange—including hybridization and introgression in macroscopic organisms and bacterial conjugation, transduction, and transformation. This cabled olive has horizontal transfer in two pairs of branches.

Photo: Noah Rosenberg, October 9, 2020